baixar cd eliane fernandes a cruz playback 2016

Transposable elements, the promoter regions of housekeeping genes, and cis-acting regulatory elements of imprinted genes are three key epigenetic susceptibility targets containing CpG sites that are normally methylated, unmethylated, and differentially methylated, respectively. Methylation of cytosines in cytosine–guanine (CpG) dinucleotides represents a critical epigenetic DNA modification affecting gene expression and cellular function ( Bird 2002). Moreover, persistent epigenetic adaptations that occur early in development in response to maternal nutrition and the environment are associated with increased susceptibility to cancer and other adult-onset chronic diseases ( Cooney et al. Specifically, the developmental origins hypothesis postulates that nutrition and other environmental factors during prenatal and early postnatal development influence developmental plasticity and alter susceptibility to adult cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity ( Barker 1997, 2004). Thus, we provide the first evidence that in utero dietary genistein affects gene expression and alters susceptibility to obesity in adulthood by permanently altering the epigenome.ĭevelopmental plasticity occurs when environmental influences affect cellular pathways during gestation, enabling a single genotype to produce a broad range of adult phenotypes ( Bateson et al. Moreover, this genistein-induced hypermethylation persisted into adulthood, decreasing ectopic Agouti expression and protecting offspring from obesity. The extent of this DNA methylation was similar in endodermal, mesodermal, and ectodermal tissues, indicating that genistein acts during early embryonic development. This marked phenotypic change was significantly associated with increased methylation of six cytosine–guanine sites in a retrotransposon upstream of the transcription start site of the Agouti gene. Here, we report that maternal dietary genistein supplementation of mice during gestation, at levels comparable with humans consuming high-soy diets, shifted the coat color of heterozygous viable yellow agouti ( A vy/ a) offspring toward pseudoagouti.

Dietary genistein may also play a role in the decreased incidence of cancer in Asians compared with Westerners, as well as increased cancer incidence in Asians immigrating to the United States. Genistein, the major phytoestrogen in soy, is linked to diminished female reproductive performance and to cancer chemoprevention and decreased adipose deposition.

Baixar cd eliane fernandes a cruz playback 2016